Allegory
An allegory is a painting with a different meaning than what it depicts literally. An allegory uses symbolic figures, actions or symbolic representation to show its real meaning.
Related works of art:
Cranach, Lucas sr.: The Law and the Gospel (1529)
Holbein, Hans jr.: An Allegory of the Old and New Testaments (c. 1532 - 1535)
Vermeer, Jan: The Allegory of Faith (c. 1670-1672)
art